PSC SYLLABUS FOR THE POST OF HIGHER SECONDARY SCHOOL TEACHER (JUNIOR) IN ECONOMICS
The Kerala Public Service Commission is a body created by the Constitution of India.
DETAILED SYLLABUS FOR THE POST OF HIGHER SECONDARY SCHOOL TEACHER (JUNIOR) IN ECONOMICS - HIGHER SECONDARY EDUCATION DEPARTMENT
(Cat. No. 294/2020,731/2021)
(Total- 100 Marks)
(Duration: 1 Hour 30 Minutes)
Medium of Questions: English
ഈ പരീക്ഷയുടെ വിശദമായ സിലബസ് താഴെ നൽകുന്നു (ഇതിന്റെ പി.ഡി.എഫ് ലിങ്ക് ചുവടെ നൽകിയിട്ടുണ്ട്). പരീക്ഷയുടെ ചോദ്യോത്തരങ്ങൾ ലഭിക്കാനുള്ള ലിങ്കും സിലബസിനോടൊപ്പം ചേർത്തിട്ടുണ്ട്. പരീക്ഷയുടെ വിവരങ്ങളും മുൻ ചോദ്യപേപ്പറുകളും ലഭിക്കാൻ ഇവിടെ ക്ലിക്കുക
PART I
Module I -MICROECONOMICS (10 Marks)
Recent Development in Demand Theory: Pragmatic approach to demand analysis-Constant Elasticity demand function-distributed lagged models of demand-Nerlov’s model- Houthakker’s and Taylor’s model-Linear expenditure system-Inter temporal choice.
Consumer Behaviour under Uncertainty and Risk: Measuring risk-risk lover-risk aversion-risk neutrality-St.Petersburg paradox-Neuman-Morgenstern utility Index-Friedman-Savage Hypothesistrade off between risk and return-the investor’s choice problem-the household portfolio decisions of uncertainty-the state preference theory-Bandwagon effect-Snob and Veblen effect-Cob-Web theorem.
Theory of Production and Costs: Short run and Long run production function-Homogeneous production function-Linear homogeneous production function and CES production function technological progress and production function-labour deepening, capital deepening and neutral technical progress-Cost function-cost minimizing input choices-properties of cost function economies of Scale-Learning Curve.
Market Structure: Perfect and Imperfect Market-Perfect Competition-Monopoly-Monopolistic Competition-Collusive & non–collusive models-Oligopoly-with homogeneous product and with nonhomogeneous product-Chamberlin’s, Sweezy’s Kinked Models-Bertrand’s-Cournot-Stackel-berg’s models-Duopoly.
Theory of Games-Strategies-Zero-sum Game and non-Zero-sum Game-Prisoner’s Dilemma-Nash Equilibrium. Game Theory-Applications-Issues in Game Theory.
Information Economics: Asymmetric Information-The market for Lemons-The Principal-Agent Problem-Moral Hazard-Adverse Selection-Screening and Market Signalling
Theory of Distribution, General Equilibrium and Welfare Economics
Theory of distribution: Neoclassical approach to distribution- Marginal productivity theory:
Product exhaustion theorem: Euler’s theorem and the ‘adding up’ controversy – Clark- WicksteedWalras product exhaustion theorem – Keynesian or Neo Keynesian theories of distribution or Alternative distribution theories: Kaldor- the modified model of Pasinetti –Alternative widow’s cruse models- Classical theory of distribution-The Ricardian model – Marxian theory –Modern theory of
distribution or post-Keynesian theory of distribution-‘degree of monopoly’ by Kalecki – theories of wage- theories of interest- theories of profit.
Module II - General equilibrium (10 Marks)
Interdependence in the economy – partial and general equilibrium – Walrasian general equilibrium – two-factor, two-commodity, two-consumer general equilibrium model. – existence, uniqueness and stability of general equilibrium – Brouwer’s fixed point theorem.
Welfare economics: Criteria of old social welfare economics-growth criteria-cardinalist criteriaBentham’s criteria- Pareto optimality- New welfare economics-Kaldor –Hicks compensation criteriaScitovsky criteria-social welfare function- Bergson-Samuelson-Arrows impossibility theoremPigouvian welfare economics-point of bliss-theory of the second best-Rawlsian concept of justice-Coase
theorem.
Marginalist Controversy and Managerial and Behavioural Theories of the Firm: Hall & Hitch-Full Cost Pricing-Gordon’s attack on Managerialism-Bain’s Limit Pricing –Sylos Labini’s Limit PricingBaumol’s theory-Marris’ model-Williamson’s-Cyert and March’s behavioural model.
Module III MACROECONOMICS (10 Marks)
Aggregate Demand Consumption Function: Keynes’ Psychological law-Absolute & Relative Income
Hypothesis- Kuznet’s consumption puzzle-Fisher’s Inter-temporal choice model-Permanent Income hypothesis-Life cycle hypothesis-Investment Function-MEC & MEI-Neo-Classical Theory of Investment-Tobin’s q- ratio-Modigliani-Miller theory-classical approach to the demand for money quantity theory –Fisher’s equation, Cambridge Quantity theory-Keyne’s liquidity Preference approach-Post Keynesian approaches to demand money-Friedman’s restatement of Quantity
theory of money-approaches of Baumol and Tobin supply of money-Money multiplier process behavioural and endogenous money supply model –Fisher effect.
Macro Economics in an Open Economy: ISLM Analysis in an open economy – Foreign Exchange
Market – Determination of Exchange Rates: Fixed Vs Flexible – Pegging of the currency – Balance of Payment/ Accounts – Disequilibrium in BOP – Depreciation, Appreciation, Revaluation, Devaluation, J-curve Effect – BOP in Keynesian Analysis – Exchange Rates – Money and Capital Flows in an Open Economy – Mundell Fleming- Keynesian Model – Monetary and Elasticity
Approach to Balance of Payments.
Classical versus Keynesian Approach
Classical: Labour market-Employment and output-Say’s Law-interest rate-neutrality of money and classical Dichotomy. Keynesian Fixed Price Models-Keynesian Cross model-Liquidity Trap-fiscal and monetary Policies- Crowding out Effect
Labour Market: Classical versus Keynes- Keynes Effect and Real Balance Effect.Inflation –Typescauses-inflationary gap-Demand pull and Cost-push inflation-Phillips curve-Lipsesy’s excess demand
model-The Samuelson-Solow modification of the Phillips curve-Tobin’s views on Phillips curve strategies to control inflation and deflation-Neo-Keynesian Analysis((Disequilibrium model):
Walrasian Vs. Keynesian Models. Effective demand and National Demand-Incompatibility of Walras Law and Neoclassical Synthesis of Keyne’s General theory-Disequilibrium models of Robert ClowerLeijonhufvud’s, Barro-Grossman and Malinvaud.
Module IV -Current Controversies in Macro Economics (10 Marks)
Keynesian Counterrevolution – Dual Decision Hypothesis, Walrasian General Equilibrium – NeoKeynesian Quantity Constrained Model – Rational Expectations – New Classical Macro Economics –
Supply-side Economics – Business cycles- measurement- endogeneous theories (Hicks, Goodwin, Kaldor)- exogenous theories- Real Business Cycle Approach – financial cycles (Minsky)- growth cycles-New Keynesian Economics.
Macro-Economic Policy: Objectives of Macro-Economic Policies – Target Variable and Instrument
variable –Main Policy Instrument – Monetary Policy Vs Fiscal Policy- Okun’s Law – Budget Deficit– debt dynamics-Domar instability condition- Ricardian equivalence monetarization of the debt contemporary macroeconomic debates in India and the world- Crowding out Effect and Government
Budget – Income Policy – Stabilisation Policy – New Cambridge Approach.
Theory of Demand and Supply of Money: Classical and Keynesian Approach to demand and supply of money – Post-Keynesian Approach – Real Balance Effect – Pigou, Patinkin, Baumol, Friedman and Tobin – Arrow-Debreu model- overlapping generation model of Samuelson- cash in advance model of Clower-Monetarism and Fiscalism – Money supply in an open economy – High
Powered Money – Money Multiplier – Control of Money supply – Behavioural Model of the Money supply – Endogenous Money supply theory.
Module V-INDIAN ECONOMY (10 Marks)
Performance since Independence, across Crops and Zones-Institutional Structure – Land Reforms–Farm
Size and Productivity- Agriculture Inputs- Technological Change in Agriculture –Sustenance of Agriculture Growth, - Green Revolution-Agriculture Finance, Credit, Role of Co-operatives, Agriculture Marketing, Pricing – WTO, Impact on Agriculture- Agrarian Crisis- Food Security, New Agriculture Policy-Growth and Pattern of Industrial Development- Industrial Stagnation, Old and New, DebatesTrends in Industrial Productivity—Industrial Financing -Industrial Policies – Privatization and Disinvestment- Cottage and Small Scale – Globalisation and Technology Transfer- SEZ –ICT based Industrial development strategies=Sources of Service Sector Growth- Infrastructure, Physical and Social, Status and Policies --Transport - Energy – Telecommunication – Technology– Information Technology - Research and Development- - Health and Education.
Module VI -Fiscal, Financial and External Sector/ Issues (10 Marks)
Fiscal Deficit, Trend and Significance- Fiscal Policies- Critical Appreciation – Central- State Fiscal Relationships, Thirteenth Finance Commission, Major Recommendations -Recent Budgets (2 to 3 years)- Parallel Economy-– Financial System, Banking and Insurance – Capital markets -Critical Appraisal of Monetary and Financial Sector Reforms – Financial Inclusion- Analysis of Price Behavior, Inflationary
Trends- Petroleum Product Pricing- Structure and Direction of India‘s Foreign Trade- Balance of Payments, Post 90 Trends- Exchange Rates, Trends – Policies-India and WTO-EXIM Policy-FII &FDI IN India-role of MNCs.
Economic Planning in India Planning and economic development-Objectives of planning techniques of planning -Achievements of planning- Bottom-up and Stepdown approach in planning- Evaluation of Five Year Plans-NITI Aayog and its Vision Documents- Welfare programmes announced in the last two Union Budgets.
Economic Reforms Since 1991 -Background of economic reforms- Washington ConsensusIndustrial policy reforms- Trade policy reforms- Fiscal policy reforms- Financial sector reform foreign investment policy reforms- Second generation economic reforms-An appraisal of India’s economic reforms- Post reform Infrastructure Investment Models-PPP- Cooperative federalism with special reference to GST.
A profile of Kerala Economy since its formation –Model of Development –Structural changes in Kerala Economy – Demographic changes – ageing – health – migration –poverty unemployment transformation in labour culture –migrant labour in Kerala, social security of labour -Emerging issues– policies- land reforms -formation of SEZs--Kerala &WTO – Fisheries and Plantation sectors and market in Kerala–People’s plan – the role of Panchayat Raj – ICT and development-tourism-women empowerment-role of micro finance-Privatization and human capital formation- Kerala’s higher education- Environment Degradation- Fiscal Crisis.
Module VII -Quantitative Methods (10 Marks)
Measure of Central Tendency: Mean-Median-Mode-HM- GM-Weighted HM -weighted GMDisperson-Range-QD-MD-SD- Skewness & Kurtosis, Correlation-Simple Linear Regression
Analysis –Multiple regression analysis.
Linear Algebra Different types of functions and its graphs, Constant Linear, Quadratic, Cubic, Polynomial, Exponential and logarithmic functions. Applications of linear functions in EconomicsVectors and Matrices, determinants, solution of a system of equations - Inverse method and
Crammer’s rule- Rank of matrix-characteristic equations and characteristic roots and vectors.
Probability theory- Concept of Probability- Different approaches of Probability: Classical, Empirical and Axiomatic approaches- Theorems of Probability: Addition and Multiplication TheoremConditional Probability –Bayes’ theorem- Random variables and Probability distribution, Mathematical expectation- Probability Distributions: Discrete and Continuous Distributions:
Binomial, Poisson, Multinomial, Negative Binomial, Lognormal, Pareto and Normal distributionsproperties and applications.
Population and Sample-sampling and sample designs-theoretical basis of sampling-methods of sampling- Parameter and Statistic–Measurement and Scaling techniques- Sampling Distribution and Standard Error-Central limit theorem-Distribution of Sample mean, Student’s t, Z, χ2 and F
distributions- Theory of Estimation: Point estimation and Interval estimation-Properties of good estimator-Testing of hypothesis- Null and alternative hypothesis- Type I and Type II errors –
Critical region –Level of significance-Power of test – Procedure of testing of hypothesis- χ2 Test of goodness of fit, χ2 test for independence – Tests of significance for attributes –Tests of significance for large samples and small samples - Analysis of Variance techniques- F test and ANOVA –One-way
and Two-way classification.
Analysis of Variance- Meaning, assumptions-One way classification and Two-way classifications, simple applications. Allocation models - Linear Programming problem – formulation of LPP, Solution of LPP using Graphical and simplex method. Big M Method for solving LPP involving surplus variables -
Duality in LPP its properties and its interpretation – shadow prices.
PART II
• Teaching: Nature, objectives, characteristics and basic requirements;
• Learner's characteristics;
• Factors affecting teaching;
• Methods of teaching;
• Teaching aids;
• Evaluation systems.
• Research: Meaning, Characteristics and types;
• Steps of research;
• Methods of research;
• Research Ethics;
• Paper, article, workshop, seminar, conference and symposium;
• Thesis writing: its characteristics and format.
PART III
Salient features of the Constitution - Preamble- Its significance and its place in the interpretation of the Constitution.
Fundamental Rights - Directive Principles of State Policy - Relation between Fundamental Rights and Directive Principles - Fundamental Duties.
Executive - Legislature - Judiciary - Both at Union and State Level. - Other Constitutional Authorities.
Centre-State Relations - Legislative - Administrative and Financial.
Services under the Union and the States.
Emergency Provisions.
Amendment Provisions of the Constitution.
(b) Social Welfare Legislations and Programmes – 5 Marks
Social Service Legislations like the Right to Information Act, Prevention of atrocities against Women & Children, Food Security Act, Environmental Acts etc. and Social Welfare Programmes like Employment Guarantee Programme, Organ and Blood Donation etc.
PART IV
TOWARDS A NEW SOCIETY
Introduction to English education - various missionary organisations and their function in founding educational institutions, and factories.printing press etc.
EFFORTS TO REFORM THE SOCIETY
(A) Socio-Religious reform Movements
SNDP Yogam, Nair Service Society, Yogakshema Sabha, Sadhu Jana Paripalana Sangham, Vaala Samudaya Parishkarani Sabha, Samathwa Samajam, Islam Dharma Paripalana Sangham, Prathyaksha Raksha Daiva Sabha, Sahodara Prasthanam etc.
(B) Struggles and Social Revolts
Upper cloth revolts.Channar agitation, Vaikom Sathyagraha, Guruvayoor Sathyagraha, Paliyam Sathyagraha. Kuttamkulam Sathyagraha, Temple Entry Proclamation, Temple Entry Act. Malayalee Memorial, Ezhava Memorial etc.
Malabar riots, Civil Disobedience Movement, Abstention movement etc.
ROLE OF PRESS IN RENAISSANCE
Malayalee, Swadeshabhimani, Vivekodayam, Mithavadi, Swaraj, Malayala Manorama, Bhashaposhini, Mathnubhoomi, Kerala Kaumudi, Samadarsi, Kesari, AI-Ameen, Prabhatham, Yukthivadi, etc
AWAKENING THROUGH LITERATURE
Novel, Drama, Poetry, Purogamana Sahithya Prasthanam, Nataka Prashtanam, Library movement etc
Parvathi Nenmenimangalam, Arya Pallam, A V Kuttimalu Amma, Lalitha Prabhu.Akkamma Cheriyan, Anna Chandi, Lalithambika Antharjanam and others
Thycaud Ayya Vaikundar, Sree Narayana Guru, Ayyan Kali.Chattampi Swamikal, Brahmananda Sivayogi, Vagbhadananda, Poikayil Yohannan (Kumara Guru) Dr Palpu, Palakkunnath Abraham Malpan, Mampuram Thangal, Sahodaran Ayyappan, Pandit K P Karuppan, Pampadi John Joseph,
Mannathu Padmanabhan, V T Bhattathirippad, Vakkom Abdul Khadar Maulavi, Makthi Thangal, Blessed Elias Kuriakose Chaavra, Barrister G P Pillai, TK Madhavan, Moorkoth Kumaran, C. Krishnan, K P Kesava Menon, Dr Ayyathan Gopalan, C V Kunjuraman, Kuroor Neelakantan Namboothiripad, Velukkutty Arayan, K P Vellon, PK Chathan Master, K Kelappan, P. Krishna Pillai, A K Gopalan, T R Krishnaswami Iyer, C Kesavan. Swami Ananda Theerthan, MC
Joseph, Kuttippuzha Krishnapillai and others
LITERARY FIGURES
Kodungallur Kunhikkuttan Thampuran, KeralaVarma Valiyakoyi Thampuran, Kandathil Varghese Mappila. Kumaran Asan, Vallathol Narayana Menon, Ulloor S Parameswara Iyer, G Sankara Kurup, Changampuzha Krishna Pillai, Chandu Menon, Vaikom Muhammad Basheer. Kesav Dev, Thakazhi Sivasankara Pillai, Ponkunnam Varky, S K Pottakkad and others
(b) General Knowledge and Current Affairs (5 Marks)
General Knowledge and Current Affairs
NOTE: - It may be noted that apart from the topics detailed above, questions
from other topics prescribed for the educational qualification of the post may
also appear in the question paper. There is no undertaking that all the topics
above may be covered in the question paper
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